Development of Optimal Total Hip Joint Replacement

Total hip replacement (THR) is a surgical process in which the hip joint is replaced by a hip prosthesis. It is one of the most popular and cost effective surgery. In particular in 2014, 83,125 primary procedures were recorded. Some of these operations need to be carried out again for different reasons after sometime. These are called revision (replacement of the prosthesis) procedures. Important studies and statistics suggest that the number of THR procedures is projected to increase by almost 175% by 2030. Aseptic loosening appears to be the most significant cause of failure in THR. Aseptic loosening might lead to revision surgery and in turn can be avoided by enhancing the stability and durability of the hip replacement. Primary stability attained after surgery is a determinant issue for the long-term stability of cementless hip arthroplasty. Primary stability is the level of relative micromotion between the femur and the prosthesis induced via the physiological joint forces following the surgery. The hip prosthesis is also exposed to dynamic loadings and activities of daily living, which can induce the stress distribution on the prosthesis of the hip joint model and affect the durability of the implant. The aim of this study is to develop an optimal total hip replacement (THR) implant with new and improved design features to achieve stability and durability. The micromotion between bone and implant interface and the stress distribution on the prosthesis and femur assembly has been reviewed and investigated. The laboratory testing were carried out on the femur including the compression, torsion and Brinell hardness testing. A compression testing using strain gauge technique done on the hip implant. Finite element analysis software used to simulate all compression and torsion testing assuming the same boundary and loading conditions and subsequently the computational results were compared with the earlier experimental data to verify the experiments and models used. 7 The comparative micromotion studies and findings of other researchers were used beside the clinical follow-up reports on success or failure rates of related hip designs, to justify the best solutions for design factors. In this computational approach researchers usually use finite element methodology to calculate micromotion of elements, sometimes known as migration. The elements exceeding the threshold limit would simulate the migration and subsequently eliminated from the assembly. This procedure recurs until reaching the convergence that derives a stable mechanical equilibrium. One of the restrictions of micromotion analysis was the inability to divide the final results into axial and rotational components. Therefore it would have been inappropriate to eventually conclude the best femoral stem, without considering the sustaining torsional loadings. Another limitation was that the micromotion analysis would not reflect the stress distribution on the hip prosthesis and consequently would ignore the potential high stress concentration that is associated with post operative pain as well as low durability and long-term stability. For these reasons stress analysis was carried out under dynamic loadings of nine different activities to examine the von Mises stress, shear stress and principal stress distribution of a cementless hip implant. In each activity realistic boundary and loading conditions of a complete assembly of femur and hip implant were investigated which includes defining of many variables including different geometry, material properties, boundary conditions, forces and moments of varying magnitude and orientation over specific time intervals. The critical points and areas that were developed in the entire 3D model were evaluated and explained. The finite element analysis which verified by experimental testing and hold the clinical relevance were used to decide the best optimal hip stem design amongst different presented design concepts. This was accompanied and improved with further stress analysis of different design factors to get the final optimal model. High offset stem option is a unique feature that helps tightening the abductor and boosts the hip implant stability with the ability to adjust neck and offset. It gives a surgeon more options to fix the most accurate offset and do the operation more effectively. The final optimal design and its advantages were presented in the last chapter

Improving Computer Security Incident Response Team: Establishment & Operation

Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) dibentuk sebagai tindakan pencegahan untuk melindungi organisasi dari ancaman siber yang dapat berdampak negatif pada proses bisnisnya, terutama ketika suatu organisasi sangat mengandalkan Teknologi Informasi (TI) untuk mendukung aktivitas bisnisnya. Dengan CSIRT, organisasi dapat merespons dan mengurangi ancaman siber secara sistematis untuk meminimalkan gangguan apa pun yang disebabkan oleh ancaman tersebut. Saat menerapkan CSIRT, ada dua pertanyaan umum, pertama, "Apa yang kita lindungi dengan CSIRT?", Kedua, "Bagaimana kita tahu jika CSIRT kita beroperasi dengan benar?". Untuk memastikan CSIRT mapan & dioperasikan dengan baik, pengukuran perlu dilakukan sebelum & sesudah pembuatan CSIRT

An artificial intelligence and NLP based Islamic FinTech model combining Zakat and Qardh-Al-Hasan for countering the adverse impact of COVID 19 on SMEs and individuals

Pursose: The ongoing Corona virus (COVID 19) pandemic has already impacted almost everyone across the globe. The focus has now shifted from spread of the disease to the economic consequences it will bring to the society. The shortage of production will result into the shortage of supply and consequently will end as loss of jobs and employment for millions of people around the world. Two of the most important section of our society i.e., daily wage laborers and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) will have to bear the major burnt of this crisis. The proposed integrated Artificial Intelligence and NLP based Islamic FinTech Model combining Zakat (Islamic tax) and Qardh-Al-Hasan (benevolent loan) can help the economy to minimize the adverse impact of COVID 19 on individuals and SMEs. Design/Methodology/Approach: The present study explores the possibility of Zakat and Qardh-Al-Hasan as a financing method to fight the adverse impact of Corona virus on poor individuls and SMEs. It provides the solution by proposing an Artificial Intelligence and NLP based Islamic FinTech Model combining Zakat and Qardh-Al-Hasan. Findings: The findings of the study reveals that Islamic finance has immense potential to fight any kind of situation/pandemic. Zakat and Qardh-Al-Hasan, if combined together can prove to be a deadly combination to fight the adverse effect of COVID 19. Practical Implications: To be used as an effective way to support individuals and SMEs in the period during and after the pandemic of COVID 19. Originality/value: There is no study combining Zakat and Qardh Al-Hasan to fight the adverse effect of poor individuals and SMEs. The study will contribute massively to the existing literature and will help the government and civil societies in fighting the economic impact of COVID 19 on individuals and SMEs.peer-reviewe

A rare case report of complete transposition of the femoral artery and vein

In the inguinal region at normal anatomical situation the artery is positioned lateral to vein and by this figure artery and vein get out under inguinal ligament and entrance to this region. Every surgeon (general surgeon, vascular surgeon or orthopaedic) that works at this region should know anatomical anomaly and variation of these vessels in inguinal region. Dissection at this region without knowing these variations could damage the vessels especially femoral artery. Some times this variations could induce compression on the vein and induce deep vein thrombosis. In this case while exploring femoral artery for transfemoral thrombectomy, femoral vein was found in the arteries anatomical position and complete transposition of artery and vein was founded. In conclusion, knowing normal variations and anomalies while dissecting this area helps us for lowering iatrogenic vascular trauma and complications.     &nbsp

Optimum design of artificial hip joints

This paper describes the biomechanics and designing of the hip joint implants, proposes the ideal requirements of a successful hip joint and studies the current existing artificial hip joint designs on the market where it evaluates the best of those products. Regarding to biomechanics of an artificial hip joint it states the forces applied on the joint and lists various hip joint motions. The statistics of artificial hip joint in UK in terms of type of patients, products, procedures and complications have been cited. . Finally the paper reviews the optimisation process with the aid of FEA technique and specifies the main objectives and progress of this project

Molecular gene cloning and sequencing of glutamate decarboxylase gene from Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus reuteri

     Glutamate decarboxylase enzyme produces γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in a non-reversible decarboxylation reaction of glutamate. GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain and it is also present at high concentration in other organs such as pancreatic islets. GABA has effects on blood pressure, diabetes, inflammation, sleeplessness and depression. Some bacteria such as Lactobacillus strains are capable of GABA production. Identification of these bacteria is important both for researchers and industry. The aim of this study was molecular gene cloning and sequencing of glutamate decarboxylase (gad) from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ATCC 11842 and Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 23272. These strains were cultured in MRS medium at 37○C for 24 hours. For cloning gad gene from these strains, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using specific primers designed by Oligo7 software. PCR production was extracted from agarose gel and was inserted into PGEM-T vector using T4 DNA ligase enzyme and then it was transformed to E. coli XL1Blue. In the final step, white colonies were selected and after plasmid extraction, the existence of gad gene in recombinants was confirmed by PCR. Gad gene was cloned from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ATCC 11842 and Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 23272. It is for the first time that the gad gene sequences from these bacteria were registered on NCBI with accession numbers KF751355 and KF751352 respectively. The result of this research indicates that the two aforementioned bacteria contain glutamate decarboxylase gene and therefore they possibly can be used for industrial γ-aminobutyric acid production

Finite element simulation of the hip joint

Rabbani, M and Saidpour, H (2011). ‘Finite element simulation of the hip joint’ Advances on Computing and Technology 6th Annual Conference, University of East London, 116-127

An Automatic Tuning MPC with Application to Ecological Cruise Control

Model predictive control (MPC) is a powerful tool for planning and controlling dynamical systems due to its capacity for handling constraints and taking advantage of preview information. Nevertheless, MPC performance is highly dependent on the choice of cost function tuning parameters. In this work, we demonstrate an approach for online automatic tuning of an MPC controller with an example application to an ecological cruise control system that saves fuel by using a preview of road grade. We solve the global fuel consumption minimization problem offline using dynamic programming and find the corresponding MPC cost function by solving the inverse optimization problem. A neural network fitted to these offline results is used to generate the desired MPC cost function weight during online operation. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified in simulation for different road geometries

Possible detection of cervical spondylotic neuropathy using Distribution of F-latency (DFL), a new neurophysiological parameter

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We have previously reported a new nerve conduction measurement parameter which we named the Distribution of F-latency (DFL) and showed that this was an approximate mirror of the Distribution of Conduction Velocity (DCV) of motor nerve fibers. This work was performed using measurements on the 20 median nerves from 10 volunteers. The DFL showed a number of different patterns including single peaks, broad peaks and double peaks, the latter observed on subjects with Cervical Spondylosis (CS). It was thought that a retrospective analysis of these data could be worthwhile in determining whether Cervical Spondylotic neuropathy could be detected using the DFL.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>The DFL from the 8 median nerves of 4 normal subjects had single peaks, which has been assumed to represent a normal pattern. The DFL from one side of 5 subjects diagnosed with or suspected to have CS had double peaks. Broad peaks were observed in 7 nerves of which 5 were from subjects who had double peaks in the DFL on the contra lateral side.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Based on these findings, double peaks in the DFL appear to be associated with CS neuropathy. These findings further suggest that broad peaks in the DFL could indicate the early stages of the disease. Differential compression of nerve branches at the spinal roots are being explored as possible causes. This study does not preclude other pathologies contributing to double or broad peaks, but does suggest that the DFL could form a screening tool for CS neuropathy.</p